Author: notaperubatan
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Tips for Successful Imaging Request
Requesting imaging from ROTD is bread and butter for HOs. Here are some simple tips for successful radiology request:
- Know your patient history & progress, and some relevant investigations in relation to the imaging that you are requesting (must be confident enough to present your case / request to ROTD)
- Clear indication
- Clear urgency (confirm the urgency of scan from your superiors)
- Urgent means to be done today
- Early: how early? next week? next 2 weeks? next month?
- Outpatient: how many months? where is patient’s appointment? (SOPD? MOPD? Ortho clinic? etc.), so that the Radiology department will know where to dispatch the imaging results & films
- When requesting for CT scan, don’t forget to bring X ray films (especially if you are working in a place where physical films are still being used)
- When requesting for CT scan (e.g. for malignancy), try look for and bring patient’s relevant previous imaging formal report e.g. previous USG neck report / previous HRCT or CTPA report and films etc.
- If this is the 2nd CT scan (e.g. 2nd time CT brain) for that patient during current / recent admission, it would helpful to the radiologist to COMPARE findings if you can attach together the formal report as well as film / CD
- CECT requires consent for contrast, please don’t forget to sign and then attach together with the imaging request form to avoid rejection.
- For outpatient imaging, make sure you get patient’s valid phone number beforehand, for appointment counter purpose
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Actually if you are not sure of the indication, you can always CLARIFY with your MO / specialist (most of the time they are the best people who know what they want to see / plan based on the imaging requested)For example, your superior said “Plan: request USG Abdomen”
Then, these questions should come in your mind:
- “Why we request this imaging?”
- “Should I request as urgent or to get early date as inpatient?”
🎾 Because radiologist will also want to know about this from you / the primary team!
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Sometimes your bosses will tell you the important points to be presented to ROTD, to make the imaging request to be granted easier
So it is important to ASK if you are unsure.====
When you are getting more senior, hopefully you will be somehow more experienced and know how to deal with certain situations better 😊 -
Family Conference / Counseling
- Explore family members’ understanding
- Give clear picture regarding patient’s condition
- Do not give false hope
- Do not give misleading / contradicting information
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Ultrasound KUB
Indications to Request USG KUB
- TRO obstructive uropathy
- TRO renal parenchymal disease
- TRO renal artery stenosis
- TRO calcification of vessels (renal transplant workup)
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10 Orthopaedic Emergencies
- Open fractures
- Pelvic fracture
- Fractures over long bones // Fat embolism syndrome
- Acute compartment syndrome
- Cauda equina syndrome
- Septic arthritis
- Osteomyelitis
- Hip dislocation
- Hand abscess
- Necrotising fasciitis
(‘Emergency’ means you CANNOT delay the review & management when you receive referral from your colleagues from ED / other departments; If you delay, you may cause HARM to the patients)
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Hand Abscess
Treatment
- Antibiotics of choice given pre & post-op: Cloxacillin
- Adjust antibiotics accordingly once C&S result available
- Definitive treatment: I&D
- Antibiotics of choice given pre & post-op: Cloxacillin
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Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA)
Introduction
- IDA accounts for 75% non-physiologic anaemia in pregnancy [1]
Definition of Iron Deficiency
- Iron replete: Ferritin >100 ng/mL PLUS TSAT >20%
- Low iron stores: Ferritin 30 – 100 ng/mL PLUS TSAT >20%
- Iron sequestration (functional iron deficiency): Ferritin >100 ng/mL PLUS TSAT <20%
- Absolute iron deficiency:
- Ferritin <30 ng/mL, OR
- Ferritin <100 ng/mL PLUS TSAT <20%
References
- Horowitz KM, Ingardia CJ, Borgida AF. Anemia in pregnancy. Clin Lab Med. 2013 Jun;33(2):281-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2013.03.016. Epub 2013 Apr 19. PMID: 23702118. [PubMed]
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Sutures
Classification of Suture Materials
- Absorbable VS Non-absorbable
- Synthetic VS Natural
- Monofilament VS Multifilament (i.e. braided)
- Monofilament: lower risk of infection, but poor knot security
- Braided: good knot security but higher risk of infection
Suture Size
A larger size suture has smaller diameter. Hence a 3/0 suture is smaller than a 2/0 suture.
Surgical Needle
- Swaged end
- Connects the needle to the suture
- Needle body
- Round body: for friable tissues e.g. liver, kidney, cervical tear repair
- Cutting (i.e. triangular shaped, with 3 cutting edges to penetrate tough tissue; cutting surface on the concave edge): For tough tissues e.g. skin
- Reverse cutting (cutting surface on the convex edge): For tendon / subcuticular sutures
- Needle point

Examples
Composition Example / Brand Natural / Synthetic Absorbable / Non-absorbable Monofilament / Braided Silk Silk, VESTISilk Natural Non-absorbable Braided Polypropylene Ecolene, VESTilene, PROLENE Synthetic Non-absorbable Monofilament Nylon (a type of polyamide) Tylon Synthetic Non-absorbable Braided Nylon (a type of polyamide) Dafilon, ETHILON Synthetic Non-absorbable Monofilament Polyglactin Vicryl, Vestiryl, Polysorb Synthetic Absorbable Braided Poly (Glycolide-co-Lactide) ECOSORB Synthetic Absorbable Braided Polyglyconate copolymer of glycolic acid and trimethylene carbonate Monosyn, Maxon Synthetic Absorbable Monofilament Collagen Catgut Natural Absorbable Braided Glycolide and epsilon-caprolactone Monocryl Synthetic Absorbable Monofilament No matches found. -
Cerebral Concussion
Criteria
- GCS 15
- No imaging evidence of brain injury
- With or without history of LOC
Grading
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 History of confusion Present Present History of LOC Absent Absent Present: brief (seconds) / prolonged (minutes) Concussion symptoms Resolved in <15 minutes Lasted >15 minutes Concussion symptoms:
(1) Physical: headache, blurry / double vision, dizziness, problem with balance, vomiting
(2) Cognition / Memory: slow thinking, difficulty to concentrate, difficulty to remember new information
(3) Emotion / Mood: irritability, anxiety, sadness
(4) Sleep disturbance (interruption of normal sleep pattern)No matches found.
